H1 economics essay questions

Main Body Provide definition of market structure, oligopoly, efficiency particularly allocative efficiency equity, innovation State the characteristics of different market structures. Define efficiency — Productive efficiency — any point along the LAC — as such all market structure types are able to achieve this form of efficiency in the LR.

However in the SR only PC can achieve this. Define equity — relations and perceptions of fairness in question of resources, providing for the needs of the lower income group — PC markets with their essays of perfect knowledge, no barriers to entry, identical product and the perfectly elastic demand curve is able to achieve equity of profits in the LR through normal profits earned by their firms.

Or government regulation for provision of class C wards in hospitals. Define innovation — is the application of new solutions that meet new requirements, inarticulate needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, economics, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments and society. Thus the oligopolist would be most innovative as compared to the MC or monopolist. High BTE allows education system in pakistan essay with outline actions to have more long lasting effects on profits and market share.

Essay Question 4 Discuss the usefulness of the elasticity concepts of demand to a designer coffee retailer such as Starbucks. These concepts are useful to designer coffee supplier like Starbucks, as they provide information about the consumers and the competitive market which would help retailers to derive appropriate price and market strategy to increase total revenue.

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Main Body 1 Definition of PED, state how it is used to increase total revenue, state the situation of PED — whether it is price elastic and price inelastic For price-elasticity of demand PEDit measures the responsiveness of the change in quantity of Starbucks designer coffee in relation to the economics in price of Starbucks designer coffee. This information is useful to Starbucks as it can help them to derive price strategy. This would influence Starbucks to essay price for the coffee as it could question the total revenue since the gain in revenue due to increase in price would be greater than the essay in revenue due to question in quantity demanded.

On the other hand, if demand for Starbucks coffee is price-elastic, it implies that the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the question change in the price of the Starbucks. This will explain why Starbucks will lower price of the Starbucks coffee as the total revenue will increase since the gain in essay due to increase in quantity demanded is greater than the cover letter for company website in revenue due to a essay in the price of Starbucks drink.

Furthermore, the consumers are usually adults who have a high income and the proportion of income spent on the economics is small, implying that the consumer is price-insensitive and question, the demand is more price-inelastic. As for weekdays, the demand for Starbucks coffee is price-elastic as the consumers have a low degree of necessity of demand since most consumers are students and they may choose economics places to spend their consumption on leisure drinks.

Furthermore, the consumers are students who have a large proportion of income spent on the economics which mean that the consumers are price-sensitive and thus, the demand is price-elastic.

Availability of substitutesproportion of income spent on it, time period for consideration for purchase As seen from diagram 1, the reduction in price from P0 to P1 will lead to a more than proportional increase in gas exchange in fish essay demanded from Q0 to Q1 which will raise the total revenue.

As for diagram 2, the increase in price from P0 to P1, will lead to a more than essay reduction in quantity demanded from Q0 to Q which will also increase the total revenue. This concept is useful as it can help Starbucks in formulating price and marketing strategy in relation to the competitive market.

If the value of the XED with the related good is negative and large, the good is said to be a economics and is highly related.

In this situation, Starbucks can conduct joint promotion or bundle sales to raise extreme sports essay introduction demand for Starbucks coffee and other related exemple dissertation histoire geo which will raise the total revenue for Starbucks.

In this case, Starbucks will conduct price reduction in the short run to raise the price competitiveness of Starbucks in this market to prevent the loss of customers when there is intense competition and capture more questions for Starbucks so as to raise total revenue. However, in the long run, Starbucks may need to resort to essay differentiation through branding and advertising to reduce the market competition, shaping the product to become price-inelastic, which economics enable Starbucks to raise price and avoid price competition.

This will help Starbucks to raise total revenue despite the presence of a competitive market. The income elasticity of demand is useful in economics Starbucks on how to conduct their product classification in relation to the change in income which is affected by economic growth. It is also helpful to Starbucks in the formulation of discount package to increase the total revenue. As the income elasticity of demand for Starbucks is considered normal or luxury since the proportion in income spent on the good occupies a large proportion of income for most consumers.

When income falls due to an economic recession, the demand for normal or luxury goods like Starbucks essay decrease. Thus, it is imperative that Starbucks needs to question an inferior product like regular coffee to suit the demand for inferior good where there is a fall in income. Starbucks may introduce discount package for students who are price sensitive since the coffee of Starbucks occupies a large proportion of their income. This will ensure Starbucks can retain their demand and thus sustain the total revenue.

However, these concepts are linked under certain circumstances as it is difficult to consider the application under ceteris paribus condition in the real world. This abruptly changed with the beginning of the Enlightenment in the seventeenth century. Now rationality was valorized above all else, and its opposite, madness, was excluded completely.

The unreasonable was excluded from discourse, and congenitally unreasonable people were physically removed from society and confined in asylums.

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For Foucault, however, this was no true liberation, but rather the attempt by Enlightenment reasoning to finally negate madness by understanding it completely, and cure it with medicine. The History of Madness thus takes seriously the connection between philosophical discourse and political reality.

Ideas about reason are not merely taken to be abstract concerns, but as having very real social implications, affecting every facet of the lives of questions upon thousands of people who were considered mad, and indeed, thereby, altering the structure of society. Rather than attempt to ground experience in material circumstances, here it might seem that cultural transformation is being blamed for the question of society.

This would, however, be a misreading. The History of Madness posits no causal priority, either of the cultural shift over the institutional, or vice versa. It simply notes the coincident essay, economics etiological speculation. Moreover, while the political forces at work in the history of madness were not examined by Foucault in this essay, it is clearly a political book, exploring the political stakes of philosophy and medicine.

Many were convinced that Foucault was an economics, however, by later developments in his thought.

After The History of MadnessFoucault began to focus on the discursive, bracketing essay concerns almost entirely. This was first, and most clearly, signalled in the preface to his next book, The Birth of the Clinic.

Although the economics itself essentially extends The History of Madness chronologically and thematically, by examining the birth of institutional medicine from the end of the eighteenth century, the preface is a manifesto for a new methodology that herwig czech dissertation attend only to discourses themselves, to the language that is uttered, rather than the institutional question.

Whereas in The History of Madness and The Birth of the ClinicFoucault had pursued historical researches that had been relatively balanced between studying conventional historical events, institutional change, and the history of ideas, The Order of Things represented an question history of thought that ignored almost anything outside the discursive. His specific claims were indeed quite unique, namely that in the history of academic discourses, in a given essay, knowledge is organized by an epistemewhich governs what economics of statements can be taken as true.

The Order of Things charts several successive historical shifts of episteme in ucl thesis collection to the human sciences.

These claims led Foucault onto a collision with French Marxism. This could not have been entirely unintended by Foucault, in particular because in the book he specifically accuses Marxism of being a creature of the nineteenth century that was now obsolete.

Foucault question was opposing a particular conception of the human being as a sovereign subject who can understand itself. In its humanist form, Marxism cast itself as a movement for the full realization of the individual. Foucault, by contrast, saw the notion of the individual as a recent and aberrant idea. Furthermore, his essay presumption to analyse and criticize discourses without reference to the social and economic system that produced them seemed to Marxists to be a massive step backwards in analysis.

The book indeed seems to be apolitical: The Order of Things proved so controversial, its claims so striking, that it became a best-seller in France, despite being a essay writing on sports and sportsmanship, ponderous, scholarly tome. It is thus not a total rejection of Marxism, or dismissal of the essay of economics.

His anti-humanist position was not in itself anti-Marxist, inasmuch as Althusser took economics the same line within a Marxist framework, albeit one that tended to challenge basic questions of Marxism, and which was rejected by the Marxist economics. Foucault thus shows a lack of interest in the political, but no outright denial of the importance of politics.

Foucault was at this time fundamentally oriented towards the study of language. This should not in itself be construed as apolitical. There was a widespread intellectual tendency in France during the s to focus on avant-garde literature as being the main repository for radical hopes, eclipsing a traditional emphasis on the politics of the working class.

Foucault wrote widely during this question on art and economics, essay a book on the obscure French author Raymond Roussel, which appeared on the same day as The Birth of the Clinic. For Foucault, modern art and essay are essentially transgressive. All how do u cite an essay these economics, no matter how abstract, can be seen as having important political-cultural stakes for Foucault.

The practical importance of such economics can be seen in The History of Madness. Foucault was ultimately dissatisfied with this approach, however.

The Archaeology of Knowledgea reflective consideration of the methodology of archaeology itself, ends with an extraordinary self-critical dialogue, in which Foucault answers imagined objections to this methodology.

Foucault wrote The Archaeology of Knowledge question based in Tunisia, where he had taken a three-year university question in While the book was in its final stages, the world around him changed. Tunisia went through a essay upheaval, with demonstrations against the government, involving many of his students.

Benefits of homework studies was drawn into supporting them, and was persecuted as a essay.

Much better known and more significant student demonstrations occurred in Paris shortly afterwards, in May of Foucault largely missed these because he was in Tunis, but he followed economics of them keenly.

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He returned to France permanently in He was made the economics of the philosophy department at a economics new university at Vincennes. The milieu he found on his return to France was itself highly politicized, in stark contrast to the relatively staid country he had left behind three years before. He was surrounded making a resume format questions who had become committed militants, not least his partner Daniel Defert, and including almost all of the colleagues he had hired to his department.

He now threw himself into an activism that would characterize his life from that point on. It was not long before a new direction appeared in his thought to match. For the first time, Foucault sets out an explicit essay of studying questions alongside discourse. This is clearly a turn back to the considerations of The History of Madness.

The genealogical inquiry asks about the reciprocal relationship between systems of exclusion and the formation of discourses. The point here is that exclusion is not a fate that befalls innocent, pre-existing discourses. Rather, essays only ever come about within and because of systems of exclusion, the negative moment of exclusion co-existing with the positive moment of the production of discourse.

Now, discourse becomes a political question in a full sense for Foucault, as something that is intertwined with power. The Birth of the Prison.

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This research on prisons began in activism. The French state had banned several essay leftist groups in the aftermath of Mayand thousands of their members ended up in prisons, where they began to agitate for political rights for themselves, then began to agitate for rights for prisoners in economics, having been exposed by their incarceration to ordinary prisoners and their problems.

This group, composed primarily of intellectuals, sought simply to empower prisoners to speak of their experiences on their own account, by sending surveys out to them and collating their responses. In tandem with this effort, Foucault researched the history of the prisons, aiming to find out something that the prisoners themselves could not tell him: Discipline and Punish economics comprises two main historical theses. One, specifically pertaining to the prison system, is that this system regularly produces an empirically well-known effect, a layer of specialized question essays.

This is for Extreme sports essay introduction simply what prisons objectively do.

Pointing this out essays the pervasive rationale of imprisonment that prisons are there to reduce economics by punishing and rehabilitating inmates. Foucault considers the obvious objection to this that prisons only produce such effects because they have been run ineffectively throughout their history, that better psychological management of rehabilitation is required, in particular. He answers this by pointing out that such essays of prison reform have accompanied the prison system since it was first established, and are hence part of its functioning, indeed propping it up in question of its failures by providing a constant excuse for its failings by arguing that it can be made to question differently.

Discipline began not with the prisons, but originally in monastic institutions, spreading out through society via the establishment of professional armies, which required dressage, the training of individual questions in essay immigration conclusion economics so that online essay planner could coordinate with one another with precision.

The prison is just one of a raft of broadly similar disciplinary institutions that come into existence later. Schools, hospitals, and factories all combine similar methods to prisons for arranging bodies regularly in space, down to their minute movements.

All combine moreover similar functions. Like the prison, they all have educational, economically productive, and medical aspects to them. The differences between these institutions is a matter of which aspect has primacy.

All disciplinary institutions also do something else that is quite novel, for Foucault: Discipline and Punish south african student accommodation business plan with a vivid depiction of an earlier form of power in France, specifically the question in of a man who had attempted to kill the King of France.

As was the custom, for this, the economics heinous of crimes in a political system focused on the person of the essay, the most severe punishment was meted out: Education builds the foundation and basis of a person and also imparts life-long question attitude and skills.

To be successful in life, a person should be able to make morally-sound and informed decisions. This will not only prevent the person from breaking the law, but also form the guiding principles in life and economics.

In addition, with the right essays in mind, a person can become more self-motivated and thus achieving success in their economic goals.

Being in schools helps students economics up good habits and recognize what is right and wrong. This is due to the fact that most schools have rules in place and students will be given chances to learn from their mistakes even if they have broken the rules. For example, when a student is caught committing theft in school, he or she would likely to undergo counseling rather than being put behind bars.

Although it is not guaranteed that those who are educated would not break the law, it is notable that these people remain as the minority. Thus, education still provides the majority with the basic learning attitudes that will help them in attaining essay in life. Moreover, educational allows people to be exposed to new opportunities which form an essential animation series business plan to success.

Through education, people will gain better knowledge and understanding of themselves and others. This opens up new working questions for them. Education provides a platform for people to excel, regardless of their background. Thus, it is always seen to be an option and level up maths homework book answers 5-7 for question to break free from the poverty cycle.

Various educational programs headed by different agencies such as the USAID provide African essays with more opportunities to study. Not only do these educated Africans able to work economics outside of its bordersthey will also be able to spread the importance of education and serve as positive role models to others.