How to cite secondary sources in a research paper - Citing References in Scientific Research Papers

D. Examples of Secondary Sources

Once you have determined your topic and thesis statement, it is a good idea to check with your teacher or professor to be sure you are on the right track. Use varied sources from reputable books, periodicals and websites.

Make sure that your source is reputable because today, anyone can post or print information. Try to use a primary source, such as a governmental agency or an accredited organization. Encyclopedias and periodicals can also be good sources of information. If you use a website, make sure you know where the information is coming from.

Some sites look official, but in reality may be slanted and not evenhanded. MLA Handbook 24, No page number: For the in-text citation use explicitly numbered parts of the work paragraphs, sections, chapters. Use author or title alone if there are no numbered parts.

MLA Handbook 56 Use square brackets: For the in-text citation: MLA Handbook For the works-cited list: Smith, John, et al. MLA Handbook 22 Using a source quoted in a secondary source It is always better to consult the original source, but if it cannot be obtained, cite the secondary source in the works-cited list. If you are citing a quotation, use "qtd.

MLA Handbook Examples: Books, Chapters Generic Citation Format Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Container, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.

How to use secondary sources in your paper

For further details on the core elements, see How to Format the Works-Cited List. Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern.

Genealogies of Race and Gender. To make the "location" element more universal, replace the URL with docID Edited Book Higonnet, Margaret R. Feminist Explorations of Literary Space.

One Hundred Years of Solitude. Translated by Gregory Rabassa, HarperCollins Publishers, Chapter or Essay in Book Roell, Craig H.

Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword Knox, Bernard. Metamorphoses, by Ovid, translated and edited by Charles Martin, W.

If the introduction, preface, foreword, or afterword has a title, include it in quotation marks before the descriptive term Introduction, Preface, etc. Articles Generic Citation Format Author Last Name, First Name. Think about how you would say or explain the quote to a friend.

Citing References in Scientific Research Papers

Still, there are other things you should do when paraphrasing quotes. Use a thesaurus to replace words with synonyms.

You can absolutely paraphrase the quote in your own words by using a thesaurus to exchange words with their synonyms. You can also change the structure of the sentence by moving parts around. However, there are other things you should cover letter for msc when paraphrasing quotes, too.

Click on another answer to find the right one Understand the content you want to paraphrase.

You should definitely only paraphrase the quote if you are certain that you understand the content. In this sentence, the writer is not challenging the current accepted stance that both firsthand and secondhand cigarette smoke is dangerous; rather, she is positing that the social acceptance of the latter over the former is indicative of a cultural double-standard of sorts.

The student would support this thesis throughout her paper by means false memory thesis both primary and secondary sources, with the intent to persuade her audience that her particular interpretation of the situation is viable.

The analytical research paper often begins with the student asking a question a. Such a paper is often an exercise in exploration and market research analyst essay.

For example, perhaps one is interested in the Old English poem Beowulf. He has read the poem intently and desires to offer a fresh reading of the poem to the academic community. His question may be as follows.

When to Cite Sources - Academic Integrity at Princeton University

How should one interpret the poem Beowulf? His research may lead him to the following conclusion. Beowulf is a poem whose purpose it was to serve as an exemplum of heterodoxy for tenth- and eleventh-century monastic communities.