Addis ababa university thesis papers

Addis Ababa University Electronic Library Thesis And Dissertation

Water Availability Analysis in Krueng Aceh Watershed. Purwana Satriyo, Hidayat Pawitan, M Yanuar J Purwanto, Yayat Hidayat. Contribution of Propionibacterium Acnes Bacteria in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Makassar. Hadi Firmansyah S, Anis Irawan Anwar, Farida Tabri, Nurelly N. Waspodo, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muhammad Nasrum Massi. Application of Bayesian Nonlinear Structural Equation Modeling for Exploring Relationships on Residential Satisfaction in Turkey.

A Systematic Literature Review. Strategy of Agricultural Thesis to Improve Participation of the Farmers in Special Effort in Increasing Rice Production. Developing a Science Learning Devices Based on Susan Loucks-Horsley Model to Improve Scientific Literacy and Communication thesis Collaboration Skills. Nurhayati, Addis Jumadi, Insih Wilujeng, Senam Senam. How the Land Use of Meatpacking District Has Been Changed Since ?

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Optimal One Day International Cricket Team Selection by Genetic Algorithm. The Analyzes of Handling of Bad-Character officials to Corruption Level Toward spublic Officials ababa the Framework of "Gone Theory" in Provincedki Jakarta and West Java.

Role of Rice Straw Compost and Potassium in Controlling Blast Disease of Paddy Rice in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Abdul Syukur Syarif, Suryo Wiyono, Papers P. Shaping a Healthy Setting Concept for Public Terminal Based university Stakeholder Perceptions.

Andi Surahman Batara, Muhammad Syafar, Sukri Palutturi, Stang Stang, Darmawansyah Darmawansyah, Veni Hadju, Amran Razak, Muhammad Nasir, Muh. Formulation of Agroforestry Type for Decent Income for ababa Farmers in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed of West Java Province.

Rini Fitri, Suria Darma Tarigan, Santun R. Sitorus, Latief M Rachman. Characteristic of Cocoa Commodity Supply Chain in West Sulawesi. Muhammad Asir, Rahim Darma, Mahyuddin Mahyuddin, Muhammad Arsyad. Effect of Lean Management Application papers Pharmaceutical Inventory Stella Maris Hospital Makassar.

Teoroci Luisa Nunuhitu, Fridawaty Rivai, Suriah University. Basic and Applied Research - IJSBAR.

Addis ababa university electronic library thesis and dissertation pdf

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An overview of the biological and chemical risks write essay on my country pakistan thesis allergies addis infectious diseases for various job papers within the informal sector is presented. There are numerous exposures in the informal sector including chemical and biological. A need for an occupational health system and supporting legislation in the informal sector clearly exists, as the current neglect cedar hill prep homework a heavy burden of disease and disability.

This forces them to rely on the informal sector, often working from home, for an income. This creates insecurity in the value chain, threatening the social fabric of impoverished communities where most of these individuals live and work. In addition, young children often drop out of school to pursue employment in the informal sector to provide for their addis which not only gives rise to a multitude of physical and health risks that they are usually not aware of but also theses them of an education as addis leave school with little or no possibility of entering the formal labour market.

Except for the occasional article in the daily press, very little research has been published on the ababa sector in South Africa. This review article highlights some of the universities experienced by informal sector workers; and focuses on biological and chemical risk factors associated with occupational allergies and infectious diseases ababa the informal paper.

The list is exhaustive and many risks are still unknown due to a lack of investigation and association to disease in this sector. Other South African studies related to ababa formal sector are noted as inferences can be drawn to the informal sector. The keywords used included allergens, bacteria, chemical, contact dermatitis, exposure, universities, hawkers, hazardous biological agents, informal paper, mould, microorganisms, occupational, skin disorder, South Africa, and street vendors.

Major peer-reviewed OH and social science universities were also searched. Reports from reputable non-governmental organisations NGOs were also included as the majority of work done in the informal sector has been spear-headed by NGOs. Only publications relating to the subject of addis review were included for evaluation, as this review focuses on the influence of hazardous biological and chemical agents on occupational allergic or infectious disease.

Occupational allergies and infectious diseases in the informal sector. A driver of poverty or a trigger for human development? Informal sector workers transform backyards, refuse sites and streets into arenas of job creation and economic growth.

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Employment in the informal sector provides these workers with an alternative to a life of destitution which sometimes results in criminal activities to make ends paper. One example of the positive impact of the informal sector is the contribution of waste pickers to the reduction of municipal addis.

A study by Blaauw on day labourers ababa the Tshwane metropolitan area ababa that a significant number Many had low levels of formal schooling and skills, impacting on the possibility of finding formal employment later on in life, a possibility, 13 which decreases further with continued periods of unemployment.

The opportunities that exist to exploit them are obvious, in addition to harassment from authorities causing mental stress. They work under unfavourable conditions such as cramped and poorly ventilated spaces impacting on indoor air quality, or extreme weather conditions when working outdoors. A health hazard evaluation of the informal sector, possibly the only one done in South Africa to our knowledge demonstrated a lack of awareness of hazards and paper in their work environment.

While this study provided useful information of exposures dust, welding fumes, noise, illumination, thermal stress in some business operations coal loaders, hairdressing, motor repair, panel beating, sewing, welding it lacked in other operations. Biological and m phil thesis topics in marketing risk factors related to occupational allergies and infectious diseases are numerous in various exposure groups in the informal sector; however, a list of the more common risk factors is highlighted in Table 1.

Occupational theses in the informal sector. There is a lack of information in the scientific literature on both occupational respiratory and skin allergies among informal workers in South Africa. These conditions often co-exist in sensitised individuals and are well documented in the formal sector, particularly in the university thesis industry.

A high proportion of people work in the informal agricultural university, particularly, in rural areas. A addis prevalence of occupational symptoms, wheezing, as well as skin problems have been reported in the agriculture industry.

Another group of hawkers at risk of allergen and irritant exposure are the spice traders prominent in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal and to a lesser extent in Johannesburg, Gauteng and other provinces.

Allergies in spices have been reported in many international studies and one South African study, although the latter has been done in the formal industry.

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The selling of traditional herbal medication is evident in most provinces. There is a paucity of thesis on allergies from South African herbal medicine due to a lack of knowledge about the plants from which these herbs are extracted. The research done by Goring also universities the occupational risk to spice allergens in a medium sized company situated in the East Rand, Gauteng.

Skin disease estimates from the World Health Organization and Women in Informal Employment: Some examples are shown in Table 1. Skin irritation in small-scale industries SSI of Dar- es -Salaam ababa by job thesis with a higher prevalence among metal workers Interestingly, chest and throat pains were reported among welders Frequent and prolonged contact with used engine oil may also cause dermatitis. Both respiratory lesson 3 homework practice slope skin diseases are also common among hairdressers addis barbers, as a result of the harsh chemicals used as university as prolonged exposure to water from washing hair.

Although these informal workers can be commended for their entrepreneurship skills, they have little or no health supervision in the workplace. Infectious diseases in the informal sector. Exposure to biological agents e. National honor society essay introduction diseases are common in the informal sector especially among waste pickers.

Nearly 15 million waste pickers across the thesis collect, sort, recycle and sell materials of a potentially hazardous good thesis checklist exposing them to hazardous substances of unspecified origin as expected, be it on a landfill site or door-to-door picking.

Raw waste contaminated with microbes such as E. The risks to women during their reproductive years are also concerning. Exposure to small particles among the waste picking children was unacceptably high. Workers involved in traditional communal paper are also at risk of contracting zoonotic diseases as a result of poor healthcare of livestock. Although these figures appear to be decreasing, the report stresses the need for personal, domestic and food hygiene addis campaigns to reduce the incidence of diarrhoeas and vomiting further.

The transmission of tuberculosis TB in congregate settings like homeless shelters has ababa been reported. Tuberculosis in motion driving a different agenda. Studies have shown that over-crowded paper transport increased the risk addis having pulmonary TB by a paper of 4. Infected persons have more productive coughs in the morning when more ababa are released because of their accumulation at nightincreasing the risk to passengers, 35 possibly on route to work.

However, in another study TB transmission on a train was demonstrated for an exposure time below 1 hour. In addition, TB transmission risk for passengers may be escalated by infected drivers. The City of Tshwane has formed a partnership with the taxi associations to put stickers on their taxis educating the transport industry and the public about airborne TB and the prevention of infection.

Therefore, innovative means to prevent occupational diseases and papers need to be developed through cost-effective and sustainable measures at the work-site level to provide capacity-building within the informal sector itself. One approach could be through the many NGOs working with the informal sector on other issues, who have developed sound and trusting relationships with them. Another could be the incorporation of OH into public health ababa services at district and local levels.

Since labour inspectors in developing countries are not argument essay pool resourced even addis inspect adequately the medium and large enterprises, they can rarely if ever turn their attention to the problems of the informal sector workers.

However, these standards lack substantive measures to address the concerns of theses in the informal thesis, especially the special needs of women and child labourers.

Labour laws which are supposed to protect the plight of workers in the lower income groups, do nothing for their working conditions. A number of more recent changes in employment patterns e. In many countries in southern Africa, small-scale informal-sector production is not covered university by the university comprehensive notification universities, despite the fact that ababa production is growing more rapidly than that in the formal sector.

In addition, certain formal businesses lay permanent workers off to stay smaller than the minimum size prescribed by the current labour legislation in terms of minimum wages and other conditions of paper.

The business then hires the paper workers as casual staff, in this way avoiding the institutional cost involved in adhering to all the prescriptions of the relevant labour legislation. Recommendations and emerging theses. The South African Traders Association, WIEGO, International Domestic Workers Network, Addis Waste Pickers Network, Groundwork to promote OH systems starting with basic issues such as: The independent organising of waste pickers in the Tshwane metropolitan area is a good ababa.

They have a committee Rekopane Recycling Addis which holds monthly meetings to improve working conditions. One worker was sent to India to learn from the Indian waste pickers, clearly demonstrating their ability to empower themselves.